A bifacial PV module is a type of photovoltaic module that can absorb solar radiation and generate electricity from both its front and rear sides simultaneously. Unlike traditional monofacial modules, which only utilize direct sunlight on the front surface, a bifacial PV module uses a transparent backsheet or a dual-glass structure to allow the rear side to capture reflected light from the ground, as well as ambient diffuse and indirect light. As photovoltaic technologies and material processes continue to mature, bifacial PV modules have become an important development direction in the construction of modern solar power plants.
Functions of Bifacial PV Modules
In practical applications, bifacial PV modules offer several key functions, mainly reflected in the following aspects:
● Dual-Side Power Generation
A bifacial PV module can utilize both direct sunlight on the front side and reflected light on the rear side, enabling dual-sided power generation. This significantly increases energy output per unit area.
● Improved System Energy Efficiency
Under suitable installation conditions, the power generation of bifacial PV modules is typically 5%–30% higher than that of monofacial modules. The actual gain depends on factors such as ground reflectivity and installation configuration.
● Reduced Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE)
By increasing total energy output without a proportional rise in system costs, bifacial PV modules help reduce the overall LCOE and improve the economic performance of photovoltaic projects.
● Adaptability to Complex Lighting Conditions
Bifacial PV modules make better use of diffuse and low-light conditions, making them well suited for environments with high ground reflectivity, such as snow-covered areas, sandy terrain, and other challenging locations.
● Enhanced System Reliability
Most bifacial PV modules adopt a dual-glass structure, which provides stronger resistance to humidity, ultraviolet radiation, and material aging. This improves durability and extends the service life of the system.
Comparison Between Bifacial and Monofacial PV Modules
| Comparison Aspect | Bifacial PV Module | Monofacial PV Module |
| Power generation method | Power generation from both front and rear sides | Power generation from the front side only |
| Energy output | Higher, with rear-side gain | Relatively lower |
| Structural design | Dual-glass or transparent backsheet | Single glass with opaque backsheet |
| Dependence on ground reflectivity | Highly dependent | Low dependence |
| Initial cost | Slightly higher | Lower |
| Long-term return | Higher, lower LCOE | More stable returns |
| Application scenarios | Utility-scale and complex environments | Conventional rooftops and power plants |
From this comparison, it is clear that bifacial PV modules have distinct advantages in terms of energy efficiency and long-term economic returns. Meanwhile, monofacial modules still retain certain competitiveness in cost control and installation flexibility.
Key Characteristics of Bifacial PV Modules
Bifacial PV modules demonstrate several notable characteristics in terms of structure and performance:
● High-Transparency Structural Design
Bifacial PV modules typically use dual tempered glass or highly transparent backsheets to ensure that sufficient light reaches the rear-side solar cells.
● Greater Durability
The dual-glass structure enhances mechanical strength and environmental resistance, reducing the risk of microcracks and material degradation.
● Flexible Installation Options
Bifacial PV modules can be set up in different ways, such as fixed-tilt systems, tracking systems, ground-mounted installations, or raised
● Higher System Design Requirements
Compared with monofacial modules, bifacial PV modules require more precise system design, including optimized mounting height, tilt angle, and ground reflectivity, which demands professional planning and engineering.
Application Scenarios of Bifacial PV Modules
Bifacial PV modules are increasingly adopted across a wide range of photovoltaic applications due to their ability to enhance energy yield and improve system performance.
● Ground-Mounted PV Systems
In ground-mounted PV systems, bifacial PV modules are expected to deliver higher efficiency to maximize energy yield per unit area. Gokin Solar’s BC series bifacial PV modules, featuring a 6%–10% power advantage over TOPCon in the same area, are well-suited to support long-term stable operation in ground-mounted installations.
● Commercial and Industrial PV Systems
Commercial and industrial photovoltaic systems place great emphasis on system safety and mechanical reliability. Gokin Solar’s BC series bifacial PV modules, with their strong resistance to microcracks, are the preferred choice because they can support continuous operation and adapt to complex rooftop environments.
● Fixed-Tilt PV Installations
Fixed-tilt PV systems rely heavily on module performance under high-temperature conditions due to the absence of tracking optimization. Gokin Solar’s BC series bifacial PV modules, with a superior temperature coefficient of –0.26%/°C, help maintain stable power output in fixed-tilt installations located in hot climates.
● Distributed Photovoltaic Projects
Distributed photovoltaic projects prioritize long-term performance stability and predictable energy generation. Gokin Solar’s BC series bifacial PV modules with low degradation characteristics—typically ≤1% in the first year and ≤0.35% thereafter— are preferred, as they help ensure consistent energy output throughout the system’s service life.
● Large-Scale Solar Projects
Utility-scale solar projects focus on maximizing lifetime energy yield and reducing LCOE. In these applications, bifacial PV modules are valued for their ability to utilize rear-side irradiance, adapt to different ground conditions, and maintain stable performance across large, standardized installations, supporting efficient long-term plant operation.
Conclusion
In short, bifacial PV modules are an important trend in the solar energy industry because they generate power from both sides, are more efficient, and offer better long-term financial benefits. While they involve higher initial investment and more precise system design, bifacial PV modules can significantly increase energy output and reduce LCOE when deployed under suitable conditions.
Gokin, a leading manufacturer of precision-engineered solar modules, is dedicated to empowering industries through photovoltaic technology and aims to become a key driver in accelerating the global transition to green energy.
